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青藏高原植被对气候变化响应的研究进展

作者:jkyxc 浏览数:

zoޛ)j首总结了青藏高原多个气候参数(气温、降水、积雪、日照辐射、水热通量等)的变化特征;然后归纳了在气候变化背景下,高原植被特征参数(绿度、物候、生产力、碳源/汇)对气候变化响应的规律;最后针对4个环境脆弱区,包括藏北、三江源、环青海湖、林芝,进行了植被变化气候响应特征的讨论。基于以上概述,分析了青藏高原植被气候变化响应研究方面存在的问题,对未来的研究方向进行了展望。

关键词 高原植被系统;植被绿度;物候;植被生产力;碳源/汇;蒸散发

中图分类号 S718.51+2 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611(2016)17-230-06

Abstract As an important starter and adjuster of climate change, Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau has gained extensive attention. Under the context of global warming, study on the responses of vegetation ecosystem to climate change in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau has significant implications for coping with climate change. Currently, there are numerous of studies on vegetation ecosystem and its response to climate change in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. However, they mainly focused on few climate factors, or the response of individual physiological process, which lacked the comprehensive knowledge of variations of climate factors and the different responses of vegetation to climate changes. In this research, we first demonstrated the variations and trends of climate factors in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, including temperature, precipitation, snow, solar radiation, water and heat fluxes. We then summarized the changes of the vegetation greenness, phenology, productivity, carbon sink/source, evapotranspiration under the impacts of climate changes. We finally discussed the vegetation variations in four hot spots, including the Northern Tibet, the Three Rivers Source, area around Qinghai Lake, and the Linzhi area. Based on the research above, the paper analyzed the existing limitations of the current study which Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau vegetation response to climate change, and made prospect for future research.

Key words Alpine vegetation system; Vegetation greenness; Phenology; Vegetation productivity; Carbon source/sink; Evapotranspiration

素有“世界第三极”之称的青藏高原是地球上海拔最高、面积最大、最年轻的高原,占中国陆地总面积26.8%[1],80%以上的区域海拔大于4 000 m,具有独特的高原气候特点。高海拔环境和特殊生态环境要素共同对高原植被生态系统的结构功能产生显著的生态效应,这使得高寒植被生态系统在极端的生态环境中对全球变化的响应更为敏感[2-3]。青藏高原天然草地资源丰富,草地覆盖面积可达14×108 hm2,占青藏高原总面积的60%[4]。受西南季风和西风环流的强烈影响,加上地貌类型复杂,青藏高原植被表现出明显的水平分布规律和独特的垂直带性分布特征[5]。高寒生态系统极大改变的同时也会通过影响气候变化、能量交换、水热通量等生态过程对全球气候产生影响。

在该地区开展气候变化研究对理解全球气候变化对植被的影响具有重要的作用。目前有关青藏高原气候和植被变化的综述,多数是针对某一类气候因素对植被生理过程的影响或对某一区域的植被影响,如王鸽等研究概括了气温和降水2个气候因子对植被的影响[6-7],武建双等[8]概括了青藏高原局部地区——藏北地区生态系统的研究进展,目前缺少对多种气候因素和植被响应较全面的归纳概述。笔者对青藏高原5个主要气候因子的变化特征以及植被参数对气候变化响应的规律进行归纳,并针对4个热点区域的植被变化特征进行讨论,对于推进青藏高原气候变化和植被研究具有一定的参考价值。

推荐访问:青藏高原 研究进展 植被 响应 气候变化

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