我国《海商法》对国内水路货物运输的适用
摘要:
我国《海商法》将国内水路货物运输排除在适用范围之外,致使我国一直将国际海上货物运输与国内水路货物运输实行两套不同的法律制度。随着现代航运的发展,这样的“双轨制”已出现法律、理论及司法实践方面的问题。为解决这些问题,结合当前我国航运市场的现状、司法实践及国际航运业发展趋势,研究将我国《海商法》适用范围拓展至国内水路货物运输的可能性。建议扩展我国《海商法》第4章的适用范围至国内水路货物运输(包含沿海货物运输和内河货物运输),并考虑到内河货物运输与国际海上货物运输的区别,建议对内河货物运输的相关规定单列一节,同时在扩展空间范围时应注意对《海商法》总则部分第3条的船舶的相应概念进行修改以及与其他相关制度之间的协调。
关键词:
海商法; 水路货物运输; 法律适用
中图分类号: DF593
文献标志码: A
收稿日期: 2017-07-29
修回日期: 2017-11-01
基金项目: 交通运输部软科学研究项目(2013-322-810-040);上海海事大学研究生创新基金(2014ycx050)
作者简介:
黄晶(1982—),女,湖北孝感人,讲师,博士研究生,研究方向为航运管理与法律,(E-mail)huangjing@shmtu.edu.cn
Application of Chinese Maritime Code to domestic
carriage of goods by waterway
HUANG Jing
(School of Law, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China)
Abstract:
The application scope of the Chinese Maritime Code does not include the domestic carriage of goods by waterway, so the international carriage of goods by sea and the domestic carriage of goods by waterway are regulated by two different legal regimes. With the development of modern shipping industry, such a situation of “two legal regimes” results in problems in the field of law, theory and judicial practice. To solve the problems, the possibility of extending the Chinese Maritime Code’s application scope to the domestic carriage of goods by waterway is studied, combining the current situation of Chinese shipping market, judicial practice and the development trend of international shipping industry. It is suggested that the application scope of Chapter 4 in the Chinese Maritime Code be extended to the domestic carriage of goods by waterway(including coastal waterway and inland waterway). Considering the difference between the carriage of goods by inland waterway and the international carriage of goods by sea, it is suggested to add a section to regulate the carriage of goods by inland waterway, to revise the concept of ships listed in the third article of the general provisions of the Chinese Maritime Code, and to pay attention to the coordination between the revision and other related regulations.
Key words:
maritime code; carriage of goods by waterway; application of law
0 引 言
我國《海商法》自1993年7月1日生效以来对调整海上运输关系和船舶关系,维护当事人各方的合法权益,促进海上运输和经济贸易的发展,发挥了里程碑的作用,实现了该法的立法宗旨[1]。在《海商法》起草时考虑到当时国际海上货物运输与沿海货物运输在承运人责任的归责原则、赔偿责任限制、运输单证等主要内容上存在很大差异,而且这种差异在当时很难协调[2],因而将国内水路货物运输排除在《海商法》第4章的适用范围外。时至今日,国内水路货物运输及船舶构成已有了很大的变化,但由于我国在水上货物运输的法律适用方面实行“双轨制”,引发了许多法律、理论及司法实践方面的问题[3]。因此,有必要结合我国当前航运市场的现状和国际形势,研究我国《海商法》对国内水路货物运输的适用问题。
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