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ASME钢印锅炉安全阀PE认证实践

作者:jkyxc 浏览数:

摘 要:近年公司以EPC模式承包的境外电站项目中,ASME钢印锅炉越来越多,土耳其、摩洛哥、巴基斯坦、泰国等地EPC项目多数招标文件均明确要求锅炉必须实施ASME钢印。本文结合摩洛哥某EPC项目锅炉ASM认证,针对无固定汽水分界线强制循环锅炉安全阀PE(Professional Engineer)认证,探讨锅炉汽水流程设计中安全阀设计认证中值得注意的问题,为同行进行类似锅炉PE认证提供参考与借鉴。

关键词:ASME;锅炉;安全阀;认证

中图分类号:X933 文献标识码:A

1.概述

ASME BPVC.1卷设计篇DESIGN PG-16.2 When the pressure parts of a forced‐flow steam generator with no fixed steam and waterline are designed for different pressure levels as permitted in PG-21.3, the owner shall provide or cause to be provided a boiler pressure system design diagram, certified by a Professional Engineer experienced in the mechanical design of power plants, which supplies the following information.

针对无固定汽水分界线强制循环蒸汽锅炉,明确要求锅炉的压力系统的设计流程须经过一个Professional Engineer(PE)认证,而审查范围和要点为16.2.1-2.4,锅炉压力系统流程通常是锅炉厂方案及初步设计最先要考虑的问题,所以PE认证工作能否及时完成将直接影响后续设计、甚至成本预算工作,其重要性不言而喻。

2. PE認证服务合同招投标

由于PE认证须由业主提起获得,通常锅炉厂默认此项工作不在供货范围内,所以从采购方的角度来说,签订类似锅炉采购合同时,应将此认证列入供货服务范围中,最大限度地缩短设计工期和沟通成本。PE工程师的认定相当严格,在全球范围来说都比较稀少,目前国内基本没有,所以PE认证无论由谁负责实施,提前策划好PE认证服务合同、落实合法有效且经验丰富PE工程师都是关键性任务,当然在国内也有一个捷径,就是通过第三方寻找或提供服务。

3. PE认证安全阀技术评审

针对摩洛哥某项目厂家提供的汽水流程图等资料,有关安全阀的认证,PE工程师主要提出了3类问题,安全阀的排放量、起跳压力以及安装位置。

关于安全阀排放量:

Comment-Current design reliving capacity for all PCVs is 57.72% of MCR, which is higher than 10-30% of MCR as stated in PG-67.4.2.实际上采购合同中PCV阀排放量要求是不低于40%MCR,很明显与PE工程师这一条意见不符合。针对这一问题的解决过程中,PE一口咬定不要超过MCR的30%,厂家也是一味强调这是合同要求。为此,我们组织有关各方对ASME标准相关条款进行了多次分析讨论,ASME条款如下:

PG-67.4.1 The total combined relieving capacity of the power-actuated relieving valves shall be not less than 10% of the maximum design steaming capacity of the boiler under any operating condition as determined by the Manufacturer.

PG-67.4.2 Pressure relief valves shall be provided, having a total combined relieving capacity, including that of the power-actuated pressure-relieving capacity installed under PG-67.4.1, of not less than 100% of the maximum designed steaming capacity of the boiler, as determined by the Manufacturer, except the alternate provisions of PG-67.4.3 are satisfied. In this total, no credit in excess of 30% of the total required relieving capacity shall be allowed for the power-actuated pressure relieving valves actually installed.

PE工程师提到的不低于10%依据为上面的67.4.1条款,而不超过30%依据为67.4.2。我们重点对30%进行研读理解,以上两条主要讲了两种安全阀的配置及组合排放占比,在总的total排放量中,单词credi显然是关键词,应理解为30%是理论计入的排放量,而非产品实际能达到的排放量,最后经核算实际组合排放量的PCV排放量比例完全符合标准要求,此条意见最终予以关闭。

关于安全阀起跳压力:

Comment-The max sustained pressures are chosen exactly the same as the MAWP. As per PG 21.2, expected max sustained pressure shall be selected sufficiently in excess of any expected operating pressure to permit satisfactory boiler operation without lifting overpressure protection devices. The problem is that the set pressure for PCV 1&2 is less than max expected pressure at superheater outlet. Same issue with reheater.

此条澄清属于理解习惯上的偏差,厂家坚持认为4只安全阀全部起跳才是事故,而PE认为正常工况不允许有安全阀起跳,最终综合权衡整定压力及运行工况实际情况,统一修改为较高的整定压力。

关于安全阀安装位置:

Comment-It is suggested to locate PCVs upstream of PSVs. If hydraulic test valves are installed permanently, PSVs are located downstream of the test valves are not acceptable.

此条意见主要是PCV阀和PSV阀的先后位置,以及PSV阀和水压堵阀的先后位置,也属于习惯上的差异,PE工程师主要是考虑到减少安全阀起跳以及锅炉安全运行的角度,ASME标准上没有明确规定具体位置的先后顺序,最后厂家证明也能达到安全要求而关闭此条澄清。

结语

从公司摩洛哥项目PE认证实践来看,完成此项工作耗时较长,最根本的原因是类似认证国内没有成熟的运作经验,国内厂家和国际PE工程师无论在设计理念还是对标准的理解上都存在较大的差异,导致国内厂家认为很成熟的一张汽水流程图,经PE工程师审核,提出近两百条Comments,要关闭这些审核意见,需要对ASME标准和锅炉系统设计都很熟悉,如何系统研究做好PE认证技术评审工作,强化ASME钢印产品认证质量,需要我们不断深入研究与总结提升。

参考文献

[1] Rules for Construction of Power Boilers, SECTION 1, 2015 ASEM BOILER and Pressure Vessel Code.

[2]刘贵全,宋一新.ASME安全阀法规的学习与讨论[J].锅炉制造,1998(1):67-69.

推荐访问:钢印 安全阀 锅炉 实践 认证

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